Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60 Page 61 Page 62 Page 63 Page 64 Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76 Page 77 Page 78 Page 79 Page 80 Page 81 Page 82 Page 83 Page 84 Page 85 Page 86 Page 87 Page 88 Page 89 Page 90 Page 91 Page 92 Page 93 Page 94 Page 95 Page 96 Page 97 Page 98 Page 99 Page 100 Page 101 Page 102 Page 103 Page 104 Page 105 Page 106 Page 107 Page 108 Page 109 Page 110 Page 111 Page 112 Page 113 Page 114 Page 115 Page 116 Page 117 Page 118 Page 119 Page 120 Page 121 Page 122 Page 123 Page 124 Page 125 Page 126 Page 127 Page 128 Page 129 Page 130 Page 131 Page 132 Page 133 Page 134 Page 135 Page 136 Page 137 Page 138 Page 139 Page 140 Page 141 Page 142 Page 143 Page 144 Page 145 Page 146 Page 147 Page 148 Page 149 Page 150 Page 151 Page 152 Page 153 Page 154 Page 155 Page 156 Page 157 Page 158 Page 159 Page 160 Page 161 Page 162 Page 163 Page 164 Page 165 Page 166 Page 167 Page 168 Page 169 Page 170 Page 171 Page 172 Page 173 Page 174 Page 175 Page 176 Page 177 Page 178 Page 179 Page 180 Page 181 Page 182 Page 183 Page 184 Page 185 Page 186 Page 187 Page 188 Page 189 Page 190 Page 191 Page 192 Page 193 Page 194 Page 195 Page 196 Page 197 Page 198 Page 199 Page 200 Page 201 Page 202 Page 203 Page 204 Page 205 Page 206 Page 207 Page 208 Page 209 Page 210 Page 211 Page 212 Page 213 Page 214 Page 215 Page 216 Page 217 Page 218 Page 219 Page 220 Page 221 Page 222 Page 223 Page 224 Page 225 Page 226 Page 227 Page 228 Page 229 Page 230 Page 231 Page 232 Page 233 Page 234 Page 235 Page 236 Page 237 Page 238 Page 239 Page 240 Page 241 Page 2422016 | AFC ACCOMPLISHMENTS 89 in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on specimens with and without LWR exposures at General Electric under three different LWR environ- ments. Figure 1 shows an example of the specimen mass gain data during ramp (5°C/min heating rate) testing in 1 bar steam in theTGA. The model Fe-18Cr-3Al+Y specimens all showed low mass gains to 1500°C and metallographic cross-sections of the specimens confirmed a thin protective oxide formed. Currently, transmission electron microscopy is being used to further characterize these oxides. To support the development of FeCrAl performance models, experiments were conducted to measure the melting point of both oxides and alloys. To assess the mechanical integrity of the cladding after complete oxidation, assessments were made in steam to 1700°C. Tube specimens were ramped to temperature in ~90 min with anAr purge to 600°C when the steam was introduced. After reaching temperature, the specimen was held for ~1 min before cooling to room temperature. Comparison experi- ments were conducted in dry air to examine the role of steam at these high Figure 1. Specimen mass gain as a function of temperature during ramp testing (5°C/min heating) in 1 bar steam to 1500°C for Fe-18Cr-3Al+Y specimens with and without 1-year exposure to three different LWR operating conditions. temperatures. A baseline was created for Zircalloy-4 with exposures from 1400°-1700°C. Similar experiments were conducted on commercial Kanthal alloyAPM to 1600°C. As expected, the APM tube specimens survived testing to 1400° and 1500°C in steam and air with the formation of a relatively thin surface oxide. However, theAPM specimen exposed in steam at 1600°C did begin to slump after exposure. Additional exposures up to 1700°C are in progress and new low-Cr FeCrAl tubing will be tested in the next quarter.