Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60 Page 61 Page 62 Page 63 Page 64 Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76 Page 77 Page 78 Page 79 Page 80 Page 81 Page 82 Page 83 Page 84 Page 85 Page 86 Page 87 Page 88 Page 89 Page 90 Page 91 Page 92 Page 93 Page 94 Page 95 Page 96 Page 97 Page 98 Page 99 Page 100 Page 101 Page 102 Page 103 Page 104 Page 105 Page 106 Page 107 Page 108 Page 109 Page 110 Page 111 Page 112 Page 113 Page 114 Page 115 Page 116 Page 117 Page 118 Page 119 Page 120 Page 121 Page 122 Page 123 Page 124 Page 125 Page 126 Page 127 Page 128 Page 129 Page 130 Page 131 Page 132 Page 133 Page 134 Page 135 Page 136 Page 137 Page 138 Page 139 Page 140 Page 141 Page 142 Page 143 Page 144 Page 145 Page 146 Page 147 Page 148 Page 149 Page 150 Page 151 Page 152 Page 153 Page 154 Page 155 Page 156 Page 157 Page 158 Page 159 Page 160 Page 161 Page 162 Page 163 Page 164 Page 165 Page 166 Page 167 Page 168 Page 169 Page 170 Page 171 Page 172 Page 173 Page 174 Page 175 Page 176 Page 177 Page 178 Page 179 Page 180 Page 181 Page 182 Page 183 Page 184 Page 185 Page 186 Page 187 Page 188 Page 189 Page 190 Page 191 Page 192 Page 193 Page 194 Page 195 Page 196 Page 197 Page 198 Page 199 Page 200 Page 201 Page 202 Page 203 Page 204 Page 205 Page 206 Page 207 Page 208 Page 209 Page 210 Page 211 Page 212 Page 213 Page 214 Page 215 Page 216 Page 217 Page 218 Page 219 Page 220 Page 221 Page 222 Page 223 Page 224 Page 225 Page 226 Page 227 Page 228 Page 229 Page 230 Page 231 Page 232 Page 233 Page 234 Page 235 Page 236 Page 237 Page 238 Page 239 Page 240 Page 241 Page 2422016 | AFC ACCOMPLISHMENTS 158 the microstructure of the alloy. In this alloy, the Pd-Zr precipitates are along the grain boundary.The precipitates are primarily Zr2Pd, with a small amount of ZrPd.A small amount of Pd (~1wt%) and Zr (~7wt%) are found in the uranium matrix.After annealing at 650ºC for 500 hours (Figures 1c and 1d), the bulk matrix is a combi- nation of α-uranium and δ phase.The α-uranium phase has less than 0.5wt% Zr and Pd, the δ phase is U and Zr, with ~1 wt% Pd, and the precipitates are Zr2Pd. Figure 2 shows images of U-12Zr-4Pd-5Ln, where Ln = 53Nd-25Ce-16Pr-6La.As-cast images are shown in Figure 2a and 2b, and annealed are shown in Figure 2c and 2d. In this alloy, U and Zr were mixed first, followed by Pd, followed by lanthanides.The precipitates along the grain boundary are obvious in Figure 2b.The large grey precipitates are the intermetallic LnPd.There is a slight excess of Pd, found in the inter- granular boundaries as Zr2Pd.There is a small amount of Zr present in the precipitates, although the bulk of Zr is found in the U matrix and in the black precipitates. In the annealed structure (Figure 2c and 2d), the large, dark grey precipitates are LnPd, with less than 0.5wt% Zr.The light grey regions are δ phase, and the white is α-uranium.There is significantly more δ phase since Zr is not associated with Pd.This is significant, since it indicates Pd has a definite preference for the lanthanides over the other elements in the fuel. The primary fission product lanthanides found in metallic fuel are Nd, Ce, Pr, and La.The lanthanides are the primary cause of FCCI, but have never been characterized.Attempts to characterize with X-ray diffrac- tion were not successful, due to the extremely high rate of oxidation of the lanthanides. Due to this, a sample of the lanthanide mix (53Nd-25Ce-16Pr- 6la) and a sample of the lanthanides with Pd (Ln-25Pd) were sent to North Carolina State University (Ayman I. Hawari and Q. Cai) sealed in vanadium sample cans for neutron diffraction studies.The Ln-Pd ratio was chosen based on recent PIE results of a U-10Zr fuel pin, with Figure 3. Microstructure of Ln-25Pd.